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[(mouth)-416.5(was)-413.4(swallowed)-415.2(to)-414.2(the)-421.1(stomach)-415.3(by)-413.5(a)-416.8(small)-410.1(drink)-419.7(of)]TJ
T*
[(water)-489.1(prior)-495.9(to)-496.4(camera)-489.7(acquisition.)-493.9(This)-491.8(was)-495.6(followed)-491.8(im-)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(mediately,)-349.9(less)-353.8(than)-348.2(2-min)-352.2(delay)-345.5(from)-355.6(end)-347.7(of)-351(inhalation,)-354.7(by)]TJ
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[(gamma)-384.3(camera)-382.2(scanning)-384.9(\(47)-385.2(sequential)-390.4(2-min)-383.8(scans\))-384.7(of)-388.9(the)]TJ
T*
[(subjects)-286.8(lungs)-279.6(for)-288.5(94)-163.4(min)-282.7(to)-281.5(measure)-284.8(particle)-286.5(deposition)-287.6(and)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(retention)-324.3(in)-323.1(the)-326.2(lung.)-325.4(Subjects)-328.2(inhalation)-326.5(and)-322(imaging)-319.9(were)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(performed)-373.1(seated)-377.1(upright.)-378.5(A)-374.5(laser)-371.7(beam)-374.4(was)-375.5(positioned)-376.1(on)]TJ
T*
[(the)-294.6(subjects)-305.7(chest)-295.2(to)-300.4(provide)-296.5(a)-296.7(visual)-294.5(cue)-297.7(to)-300.4(help)-299(maintain)-295.4(a)]TJ
T*
[(constant)-472.2(position)-480.7(in)-474.8(the)-471.6(camera)-470.7(eld..)-476.8(Previous)-473.2(studies)-478.8(of)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(unperturbed)-484.4(mucociliary)-477.1(clearance)-485.5(in)-474.8(our)-479(laboratory)-486.7(have)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(not)-461.9(detected)-467.5(an)-464.5(order)-468.6(effect)-468.4(\(not)-462.4(published\),)-467.8(and)-467.5(was)-464(not)]TJ
T*
[(controlled)-582.1(in)-576(this)-577.8(study;)-576.2(therefore,)-580.2(the)-579.1(order)-576.1(of)-578.6(the)-579.1(two)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(methods)-552.2(was)-552.5(not)-550.4(randomized.)-553.3(The)-550.1(subjects)-550.4(returned)-559.5(the)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(following)-260(day)-259.8(to)-262.5(obtain)-260.7(a)-265.1(single)-262.7(30-min)-256.9(image)-264.2(of)-256.2(the)-263(lungs)-266.9(to)]TJ
T*
[(measure)-335.4(the)-332.5(long-term)-335.7(particle)-337.1(retention.)]TJ
/F15 1 Tf
0 -3.0603 TD
[(Gamma)-331.3(scintigraphy)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8273 TD
[(Figure)-349.4(2)-353.6(i)0(s)-346.3(a)0(n)-357(example)-351.7(of)-351(a)-347.3(posterior)-361.3(gamma)-346.3(camera)-350.6(im-)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.2266 TD
[(age)-301(of)-300.4(the)-307.3(upper)-301.8(body,)-302.1(for)-307.4(one)-303.2(subject,)-305.5(taken)-298.5(less)-303.2(than)-303.9(2)-170.2(min)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(following)-380.1(an)-382.3(airway)-382.4(deposition)-388.8(of)-382.6(the)-383.1(5-)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
18.2922 0 TD
(m)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
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(m)Tj
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 491.0739 477.6943 Tm
(99m)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 503.7164 473.7259 Tm
[(Tc)-381.7(-SC)-378.5(par-)]TJ
-21.5105 -1.2203 TD
[(ticles)-235.7(by)-236.5(TVB-5.)-239.3(Deposited)-241.3(activity)-239.6(is)-232.5(reected)-240.1(in)-240.9(the)-237.7(image)-232.6(as)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(increasing)-240.3(from)-235.5(dark)-241.6(gray,)-233.3(to)-237.2(gray,)-239.6(and)-239.8(white.)-239.5(The)-240.2(two)-232.5(larger)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(rectangles)-442.4(represent)-443.9(the)-440(rectangular)-442.7(outlines)-439.9(of)-439.5(both)-441(lungs)]TJ
T*
[(based)-330.6(on)-335(circumscribing)-338.5(an)-338(isocontour)-340.8(map)-333.5(of)-332(the)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 514.5447 433.8707 Tm
(133)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 524.6361 429.9023 Tm
(Xenon)Tj
-23.8437 -1.2266 TD
[(equilibrium)-453.8(scan)-458.7(\(20%)-450(of)-458.5(peak)-454.1(values\))-455.8(measured)-458.5(with)-457.9(the)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(subject)-233(prior)-236.7(to)-237.2(the)-231.4(study)-238.2(on)-233.8(the)-237.7(rst)-233.1(visit)-230.9(day.)-237.5(The)-233.9(central)-234.4(\(C\))]TJ
T*
[(airways)-276.2(region)-273.9(of)-275.1(interest)-281.6(\(ROI\),)-272.5(smaller)-277.9(rectangle)-276.7(within)-281.5(the)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(whole)-359(lung)-360.5(ROI,)-366.4(is)-358.9(shown)-360.3(for)-364.3(the)-357.8(right)-366.6(lung)-360.4(\(area)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
22.674 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.9358 0 TD
[(25%)-361.1(of)]TJ
-23.6098 -1.2203 TD
[(the)-427.4(whole)-422.2(lung)-423.7(ROI,)-429.6(half-width)-424.1(and)-429.5(half-height)-427.1(aligned)-428.3(to)]TJ
T*
[(left)-586.1(margin)-578.2(and)-587.6(midvertical\).)-584.2(Peripheral)-589.3(\(P\))-584(activity)-587.3(was)]TJ
T*
[(calculated)-243.3(from)-248.1(the)-244(difference)-244.5(between)-249.9(activities)-246.2(in)-247.2(the)-244(whole)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(lung)-290.9(and)-290.4(the)-294.6(activity)-296.5(in)-291.4(C)-291(region.)-289.5(The)-297.1(remaining)-294.1(rectangular)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(areas)-411.9(in)-411.6(Figure)-412.7(2)-410.5(represents)-419.9(the)-414.7(sum)-411.2(of)-414.2(the)-414.7(outlines)-414.6(of)-414.2(the)]TJ
T*
[(oropharyngeal,)-535.1(esophageal,)-537(and)-537(stomach)-535.4(areas,)-535(drawn)-539.3(to)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(circumscribe)-681.1(areas)-683.8(with)-685.6(counts)-685.1(at)-676.5(least)-687.6(twice-fold)-685.3(over)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(background.)-519.4(The)-524.8(count)-519.4(density)-528.2(in)-519.1(the)-522.2(left)-522.9(lung)-524.8(ROI)-515.2(that)]TJ
T*
[(overlaps)-338.6(with)-344.1(the)-345.2(region)-337.2(of)-344.7(the)-338.9(stomach)-345.7(ROI)-338.2(was)-343.9(estimated)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(from)-330.3(the)-332.5(mean)-329.2(count)-336.1(density)-332.2(in)-329.4(the)-332.5(peripheral)-330(region)-337.2(of)-332(the)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(left)-522.8(lung)-524.9(and)-518.1(proportioned)-528.6(according)-528(to)-521.7(the)-522.2(relative)-526.8(ROI)]TJ
T*
[(area.)-483.1(These)-481.7(estimated)-486.2(counts)-482.8(were)-482.7(added)-482.6(to)-477.5(the)-484.3(left)-484.9(lung)]TJ
T*
[(peripheral)-330(counts)-331.1(and)-328.4(subtracted)-326.6(from)-330.3(the)-326.2(counts)-331(measured)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(in)-468.5(the)-478(stomach)-472.2(area.)-470.4(Image)-471.4(analysis)-471.8(included)-478.6(background)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(subtraction,)-412.2(decay)-417.1(correction)-417.5(to)-407.9(midpoint)-414(of)-414.2(time)-412.5(segment,)]TJ
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360.926 0 0 116.22 124.554 83.962 cm
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BT
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8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 67.2378 Tm
[(FIG.)-444.3(1.)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
4.2047 0 TD
[(The)-442.6(experimental)-454.5(arrangement)-445.7(of)-445.8(the)-446.4(nebulizers,)-444.1(control,)-445.8(and)-448.5(instrumentation)-451.7(for)-440.2(inhalation)-446.7(of)-445.8(radioaerosol)-450(is)]TJ
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[(shown)-341.3(for)-332.7(the)-332.5(tidal)-338.8(breathing)-335.9(\()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
13.7397 0 TD
(a)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
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[(\),)-332.2(and)-334.7(the)-338.9(extremely)-337.3(slow)-331.7(inhalation)-339.2(\()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
16.7684 0 TD
(b)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.6007 0 TD
(\).)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
-31.6082 77.228 TD
[(TARGETTING)-342.7(AEROSOLS)-333.6(TO)-331.2(THE)-335.2(AIRWAYS)]TJ
54.1178 0 TD
(3)Tj
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